3 3: Basic Merchandising Transactions Perpetual Inventory System Business LibreTexts

The only difference between the transactions is the method of payment. When terms are FOB Destination we have seen that the seller covers transportation costs. By implication the seller takes the responsibility of safely moving and delivering the goods to the buyer. The buyer is not responsible for any damage that can happen to these goods in transit.

Each of these relationships is important because of the way it relates to an overall measure of business profitability. However, because of large sales commissions and delivery expenses, the owner may realize only a very small amount of the gross margin as profit. For example, https://www.bookstime.com/ Terrance Co. purchases Terrance Action Figures from DynoMax Corp. If Terrance Co. is ordering 100,000 Terrance Action Figures, this represents a significant cost savings. In the second transaction, the company purchased the merchandise on account (paying later).

Manufacturing Organizations

This increases Cash (debit) and decreases (credit) Merchandise Inventory-Phones because the merchandise is less valuable than before the damage discovery. On June 1, CBS purchased 300 landline telephones with cash at a cost of $60 each. On June 3, CBS discovers that 25 of the phones are the wrong color and returns the phones to the manufacturer for a full refund. The following entries occur with the purchase and subsequent return. On April 7, CBS purchases 30 desktop computers on credit at a cost of $400 each.

Although the true value of these services is not contained in their physical form, they are of value to the client and the source of revenue to the firm. The managing partners in the firm must be as cost conscious as their counterparts in merchandising and manufacturing firms. Accounting for costs in service firms differs from merchandising and manufacturing firms in that they do not purchase or produce goods. Whenever purchases and sales of merchandise are involved, freight and shipping costs become a factor in calculating the cost and selling prices of the merchandise. The terms of the purchase or sale determine when ownership of the goods passes between seller and buyer and who pays the cost of shipping.

Basic Analysis of Purchase Transaction Journal Entries

After the income statement is complete, we would use the net income to calculate ending retained earnings on the statement of retained earnings. We would use ending retained earnings in preparing the balance sheet. These financial statements are prepared the same way under either the perpetual or periodic inventory methods. We learned how the accounting cycle applies to a service company but guess what?

• We record it as an asset (merchandise inventory) and record an expense (cost of goods sold) as it is used.
• A merchandising company can buy goods under credit terms that permit it to get a discount if it pays with in a specified period of time.
• The total amount of the invoice after the discount is applied is $490 [$500 – $10].
• On June 1, CBS purchased 300 landline telephones with cash at a cost of $60 each.
• Often, merchandising firms are referred to as resellers or retailers since they are in the business of reselling a product to the consumer at a profit.

The periodic inventory methods has TWO additional adjusting entries at the end of the period. The first entry closes the purchase accounts (purchases, transportation in, purchase discounts, and purchase returns and allowances) into inventory by increasing inventory. This simplified income statement demonstrates how merchandising firms account for their sales how to choose an accounting method for business cycle or process. Sales revenue is the income generated from the sale of finished goods to consumers rather than from the manufacture of goods or provision of services. Since a merchandising firm has to purchase goods for resale, they account for this cost as cost of goods sold—what it cost them to acquire the goods that are then sold to the customer.